Vulnerability Database

346,508

Total vulnerabilities in the database

CVE-2023-4481 — juniper / junos

Improper Input Validation

An Improper Input Validation vulnerability in the Routing Protocol Daemon (rpd) of Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved allows an unauthenticated, network-based attacker to cause a Denial of Service (DoS).

When certain specific crafted BGP UPDATE messages are received over an established BGP session, one BGP session may be torn down with an UPDATE message error, or the issue may propagate beyond the local system which will remain non-impacted, but may affect one or more remote systems. This issue is exploitable remotely as the crafted UPDATE message can propagate through unaffected systems and intermediate BGP speakers. Continuous receipt of the crafted BGP UPDATE messages will create a sustained Denial of Service (DoS) condition for impacted devices.

This issue affects eBGP and iBGP, in both IPv4 and IPv6 implementations. This issue requires a remote attacker to have at least one established BGP session. Improper Input Validation, Denial of Service vulnerability in Juniper Networks, Inc. Junos OS (BGP, rpd modules), Juniper Networks, Inc. Junos OS Evolved (BGP, rpd modules) allows Fuzzing.This issue affects 

Junos OS: 

  • All versions before 20.4R3-S10,
  • from 21.1R1 through 21.*,
  • from 21.2 before 21.2R3-S5,
  • from 21.3 before 21.3R3-S5,
  • from 21.4 before 21.4R3-S7 (unaffected from 21.4R3-S5, affected from 21.4R3-S6)
  • from 22.1 before 22.1R3-S4,
  • from 22.2 before 22.2R3-S3,
  • from 22.3 before 22.3R3-S1,
  • from 22.4 before 22.4R3,
  • from 23.2 before 23.2R2.

Junos OS Evolved:

  • All versions before 20.4R3-S10-EVO,
  • from 21.2-EVO before 21.2R3-S7-EVO,
  • from 21.3-EVO before 21.3R3-S5-EVO,
  • from 21.4-EVO before 21.4R3-S5-EVO,
  • from 22.1-EVO before 22.1R3-S4-EVO,
  • from 22.2-EVO before 22.2R3-S3-EVO,
  • from 22.3-EVO before 22.3R3-S1-EVO,
  • from 22.4-EVO before 22.4R3-EVO,
  • from 23.2-EVO before 23.2R2-EVO.
  • Published: Sep 1, 2023
  • Updated: Nov 16, 2025
  • CVE: CVE-2023-4481
  • Severity: High
  • Exploit:

CVSS v3:

  • Severity: High
  • Score: 7.5
  • AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

CWEs:

Software From Fixed in
juniper / junos 20.4-r1 20.4-r1.x
juniper / junos 20.4-r1-s1 20.4-r1-s1.x
juniper / junos 21.1-r1 21.1-r1.x
juniper / junos 20.4-r2 20.4-r2.x
juniper / junos 21.2-r1 21.2-r1.x
juniper / junos 20.4-r2-s1 20.4-r2-s1.x
juniper / junos 21.1-r1-s1 21.1-r1-s1.x
juniper / junos 21.2-r1-s1 21.2-r1-s1.x
juniper / junos 20.4-r3 20.4-r3.x
juniper / junos 21.3-r1 21.3-r1.x
juniper / junos 21.3-r2 21.3-r2.x
juniper / junos 21.2-r2 21.2-r2.x
juniper / junos 20.4-r3-s1 20.4-r3-s1.x
juniper / junos 20.4-r2-s2 20.4-r2-s2.x
juniper / junos 21.2 21.2.x
juniper / junos 21.1 21.1.x
juniper / junos 20.4 20.4.x
juniper / junos 21.2-r1-s2 21.2-r1-s2.x
juniper / junos 21.2-r2-s1 21.2-r2-s1.x
juniper / junos 21.2-r2-s2 21.2-r2-s2.x
juniper / junos 21.4-r1-s1 21.4-r1-s1.x
juniper / junos 21.3-r1-s1 21.3-r1-s1.x
juniper / junos 21.3-r1-s2 21.3-r1-s2.x
juniper / junos 21.4-r1 21.4-r1.x
juniper / junos 21.3-r2-s1 21.3-r2-s1.x
juniper / junos 21.3-r2-s2 21.3-r2-s2.x
juniper / junos 21.4-r1-s2 21.4-r1-s2.x
juniper / junos 20.4-r3-s2 20.4-r3-s2.x
juniper / junos 21.2-r3 21.2-r3.x
juniper / junos 22.1-r1 22.1-r1.x
juniper / junos 21.3-r3 21.3-r3.x
juniper / junos 21.3-r3-s1 21.3-r3-s1.x
juniper / junos 21.4-r2 21.4-r2.x
juniper / junos 21.4-r2-s1 21.4-r2-s1.x
juniper / junos 20.4-r3-s3 20.4-r3-s3.x
juniper / junos 21.4 21.4.x
juniper / junos 21.3 21.3.x
juniper / junos 22.1-r1-s1 22.1-r1-s1.x
juniper / junos 22.1-r2 22.1-r2.x
juniper / junos 21.4-r3 21.4-r3.x
juniper / junos 22.1-r1-s2 22.1-r1-s2.x
juniper / junos 22.1-r2-s2 22.1-r2-s2.x
juniper / junos 21.4-r2-s2 21.4-r2-s2.x
juniper / junos 22.2-r1 22.2-r1.x
juniper / junos 22.2-r1-s1 22.2-r1-s1.x
juniper / junos 20.4-r3-s4 20.4-r3-s4.x
juniper / junos 21.2-r3-s2 21.2-r3-s2.x
juniper / junos 21.2-r3-s1 21.2-r3-s1.x
juniper / junos 22.3-r1 22.3-r1.x
juniper / junos 22.2-r2 22.2-r2.x
juniper / junos 22.1-r3-s1 22.1-r3-s1.x
juniper / junos 21.3-r3-s2 21.3-r3-s2.x
juniper / junos 22.3-r2 22.3-r2.x
juniper / junos 22.1-r3 22.1-r3.x
juniper / junos 20.4-r3-s5 20.4-r3-s5.x
juniper / junos 22.2-r1-s2 22.2-r1-s2.x
juniper / junos - 20.4
juniper / junos 21.4-r3-s1 21.4-r3-s1.x
juniper / junos 22.2-r2-s1 22.2-r2-s1.x
juniper / junos 22.1-r2-s1 22.1-r2-s1.x
juniper / junos 21.2-r3-s3 21.2-r3-s3.x
juniper / junos 21.3-r3-s3 21.3-r3-s3.x
juniper / junos 21.4-r3-s2 21.4-r3-s2.x
juniper / junos 20.4-r3-s6 20.4-r3-s6.x
juniper / junos 22.3-r1-s1 22.3-r1-s1.x
juniper / junos 22.4-r1 22.4-r1.x
juniper / junos 21.3-r3-s4 21.3-r3-s4.x
juniper / junos 21.4-r3-s3 21.4-r3-s3.x
juniper / junos 22.1-r3-s2 22.1-r3-s2.x
juniper / junos 22.2-r2-s2 22.2-r2-s2.x
juniper / junos 22.2-r3 22.2-r3.x
juniper / junos 22.3-r1-s2 22.3-r1-s2.x
juniper / junos 22.4-r1-s1 22.4-r1-s1.x
juniper / junos 22.4-r1-s2 22.4-r1-s2.x
juniper / junos 20.4-r3-s7 20.4-r3-s7.x
juniper / junos 21.2-r3-s4 21.2-r3-s4.x
juniper / junos 22.3-r2-s1 22.3-r2-s1.x
juniper / junos 22.4-r2 22.4-r2.x
juniper / junos 22.2-r3-s1 22.2-r3-s1.x
juniper / junos 22.1-r3-s3 22.1-r3-s3.x
juniper / junos 21.4-r3-s4 21.4-r3-s4.x
juniper / junos 23.2-r1 23.2-r1.x
juniper / junos 20.4-r3-s8 20.4-r3-s8.x
juniper / junos 20.4-r3-s9 20.4-r3-s9.x
juniper / junos 22.3-r3 22.3-r3.x
juniper / junos 22.3-r2-s2 22.3-r2-s2.x
juniper / junos 22.2-r3-s2 22.2-r3-s2.x
juniper / junos 23.2-r1-s1 23.2-r1-s1.x
juniper / junos 22.4-r2-s1 22.4-r2-s1.x
juniper / junos 22.4-r2-s2 22.4-r2-s2.x
juniper / junos 22.2 22.2.x
juniper / junos 22.3 22.3.x
juniper / junos 22.1 22.1.x
juniper / junos 22.4 22.4.x
juniper / junos 23.2-r1-s2 23.2-r1-s2.x
juniper / junos 23.2 23.2.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 20.4-r1 20.4-r1.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 21.2-r1 21.2-r1.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 21.2-r1-s1 21.2-r1-s1.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 21.2-r2 21.2-r2.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 20.4-r1-s1 20.4-r1-s1.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 20.4-r1-s2 20.4-r1-s2.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 20.4-r2 20.4-r2.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 20.4-r2-s1 20.4-r2-s1.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 20.4-r2-s2 20.4-r2-s2.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 20.4-r2-s3 20.4-r2-s3.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 20.4-r3 20.4-r3.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 20.4-r3-s1 20.4-r3-s1.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 21.3-r1 21.3-r1.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 20.4 20.4.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 21.2 21.2.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 21.2-r1-s2 21.2-r1-s2.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 21.2-r2-s1 21.2-r2-s1.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 21.3-r1-s1 21.3-r1-s1.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved - 20.4
juniper / junos_os_evolved 20.4-r3-s2 20.4-r3-s2.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 21.4-r1 21.4-r1.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 21.4-r1-s1 21.4-r1-s1.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 21.2-r2-s2 21.2-r2-s2.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 21.2-r3 21.2-r3.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 21.3-r2 21.3-r2.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 21.3 21.3.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 21.4 21.4.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 20.4-r3-s4 20.4-r3-s4.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 20.4-r3-s3 20.4-r3-s3.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 22.1-r1 22.1-r1.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 21.3-r2-s1 21.3-r2-s1.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 21.3-r2-s2 21.3-r2-s2.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 21.4-r2 21.4-r2.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 21.4-r2-s1 21.4-r2-s1.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 21.4-r2-s2 21.4-r2-s2.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 22.1-r1-s1 22.1-r1-s1.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 22.1-r1-s2 22.1-r1-s2.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 21.4-r1-s2 21.4-r1-s2.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 22.2-r1-s1 22.2-r1-s1.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 22.2-r1 22.2-r1.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 21.2-r3-s1 21.2-r3-s1.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 21.3-r3 21.3-r3.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 20.4-r3-s5 20.4-r3-s5.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 22.3-r1 22.3-r1.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 22.1-r2 22.1-r2.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 21.4-r3 21.4-r3.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 22.2-r2 22.2-r2.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 21.2-r3-s2 21.2-r3-s2.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 21.2-r3-s3 21.2-r3-s3.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 21.2-r3-s4 21.2-r3-s4.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 21.4-r3-s1 21.4-r3-s1.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 21.4-r3-s2 21.4-r3-s2.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 21.4-r3-s3 21.4-r3-s3.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 20.4-r3-s6 20.4-r3-s6.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 22.2-r2-s1 22.2-r2-s1.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 21.3-r3-s1 21.3-r3-s1.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 21.3-r3-s2 21.3-r3-s2.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 21.3-r3-s3 21.3-r3-s3.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 22.1-r2-s1 22.1-r2-s1.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 22.1-r3 22.1-r3.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 21.2-r3-s5 21.2-r3-s5.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 21.3-r3-s4 21.3-r3-s4.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 20.4-r3-s7 20.4-r3-s7.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 22.1-r3-s1 22.1-r3-s1.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 22.1-r3-s2 22.1-r3-s2.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 22.2-r2-s2 22.2-r2-s2.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 22.2-r3 22.2-r3.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 22.3-r1-s1 22.3-r1-s1.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 22.3-r1-s2 22.3-r1-s2.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 22.3-r2 22.3-r2.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 22.4-r1 22.4-r1.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 22.4-r1-s1 22.4-r1-s1.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 22.4-r1-s2 22.4-r1-s2.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 22.4-r2 22.4-r2.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 22.3-r2-s1 22.3-r2-s1.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 22.2-r3-s1 22.2-r3-s1.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 22.1-r3-s3 22.1-r3-s3.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 23.2 23.2.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 23.2-r1 23.2-r1.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 23.2-r1-s1 23.2-r1-s1.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 21.4-r3-s4 21.4-r3-s4.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 22.3-r2-s2 22.3-r2-s2.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 22.3-r3 22.3-r3.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 22.4-r2-s1 22.4-r2-s1.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 22.4-r2-s2 22.4-r2-s2.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 22.2-r3-s2 22.2-r3-s2.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 22.4 22.4.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 22.3 22.3.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 22.2 22.2.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 22.1 22.1.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 23.2-r1-s2 23.2-r1-s2.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 22.4-r3 22.4-r3.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 21.2-r3-s6 21.2-r3-s6.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 22.2-r1-s2 22.2-r1-s2.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 20.4-r3-s9 20.4-r3-s9.x
juniper / junos_os_evolved 20.4-r3-s8 20.4-r3-s8.x

Frequently Asked Questions

A security vulnerability is a weakness in software, hardware, or configuration that can be exploited to compromise confidentiality, integrity, or availability. Many vulnerabilities are tracked as CVEs (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures), which provide a standardized identifier so teams can coordinate patching, mitigation, and risk assessment across tools and vendors.

CVSS (Common Vulnerability Scoring System) estimates technical severity, but it doesn't automatically equal business risk. Prioritize using context like internet exposure, affected asset criticality, known exploitation (proof-of-concept or in-the-wild), and whether compensating controls exist. A "Medium" CVSS on an exposed, production system can be more urgent than a "Critical" on an isolated, non-production host.

A vulnerability is the underlying weakness. An exploit is the method or code used to take advantage of it. A zero-day is a vulnerability that is unknown to the vendor or has no publicly available fix when attackers begin using it. In practice, risk increases sharply when exploitation becomes reliable or widespread.

Recurring findings usually come from incomplete Asset Discovery, inconsistent patch management, inherited images, and configuration drift. In modern environments, you also need to watch the software supply chain: dependencies, containers, build pipelines, and third-party services can reintroduce the same weakness even after you patch a single host. Unknown or unmanaged assets (often called Shadow IT) are a common reason the same issues resurface.

Use a simple, repeatable triage model: focus first on externally exposed assets, high-value systems (identity, VPN, email, production), vulnerabilities with known exploits, and issues that enable remote code execution or privilege escalation. Then enforce patch SLAs and track progress using consistent metrics so remediation is steady, not reactive.

SynScan combines attack surface monitoring and continuous security auditing to keep your inventory current, flag high-impact vulnerabilities early, and help you turn raw findings into a practical remediation plan.