Vulnerability Database

393,392

Total vulnerabilities in the database

CVE-2023-45025 — qnap / qts

Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')

An OS command injection vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow users to execute commands via a network.

We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions: QTS 5.1.4.2596 build 20231128 and later QTS 4.5.4.2627 build 20231225 and later QuTS hero h5.1.4.2596 build 20231128 and later QuTS hero h4.5.4.2626 build 20231225 and later QuTScloud c5.1.5.2651 and later

  • Published: Feb 2, 2024
  • Updated: Oct 3, 2026
  • CVE: CVE-2023-45025
  • Severity: Critical
  • Exploit:
  • CISA KEV:

CVSS v3:

  • Severity: Critical
  • Score: 9
  • AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
Software Affected versions
qnap / qts = 4.5.4.1715-build_20210630
qnap / qts = 4.5.4.1723-build_20210708
qnap / qts = 4.5.4.1741-build_20210726
qnap / qts = 4.5.4.1787-build_20210910
qnap / qts = 4.5.4.1800-build_20210923
qnap / qts = 4.5.4.1892-build_20211223
qnap / qts = 4.5.4.1931-build_20220128
qnap / qts = 4.5.4.2012-build_20220419
qnap / qts = 4.5.4.2117-build_20220802
qnap / qts = 4.5.4.2280-build_20230112
qnap / qts = 4.5.4.2374-build_20230416
qnap / qts = 4.5.4.2627
qnap / qts = 5.1.0.2348-build_20230325
qnap / qts = 5.1.0.2399-build_20230515
qnap / qts = 5.1.0.2418-build_20230603
qnap / qts = 5.1.0.2444-build_20230629
qnap / qts = 5.1.0.2466-build_20230721
qnap / qts = 5.1.1.2491-build_20230815
qnap / qts = 5.1.2.2533-build_20230926
qnap / qts = 5.1.3.2578-build_20231110
qnap / qts = 5.1.4.2596
qnap / quts_hero = h4.5.4.1771-build_20210825
qnap / quts_hero = h4.5.4.1800-build_20210923
qnap / quts_hero = h4.5.4.1813-build_20211006
qnap / quts_hero = h4.5.4.1848-build_20211109
qnap / quts_hero = h4.5.4.1892-build_20211223
qnap / quts_hero = h4.5.4.1951-build_20220218
qnap / quts_hero = h4.5.4.1971-build_20220310
qnap / quts_hero = h4.5.4.1991-build_20220330
qnap / quts_hero = h4.5.4.2052-build_20220530
qnap / quts_hero = h4.5.4.2138-build_20220824
qnap / quts_hero = h4.5.4.2217-build_20221111
qnap / quts_hero = h4.5.4.2272-build_20230105
qnap / quts_hero = h4.5.4.2374-build_20230417
qnap / quts_hero = h4.5.4.2476-build_20230728
qnap / quts_hero = h4.5.4.2626
qnap / quts_hero = h5.1.0.2409-build_20230525
qnap / quts_hero = h5.1.0.2424-build_20230609
qnap / quts_hero = h5.1.0.2453-build_20230708
qnap / quts_hero = h5.1.0.2466-build_20230721
qnap / quts_hero = h5.1.1.2488-build_20230812
qnap / quts_hero = h5.1.2.2534-build_20230927
qnap / quts_hero = h5.1.3.2578-build_20231110
qnap / quts_hero = h5.1.4.2596
qnap / qutscloud = c5.1.0.2498-build_20230822

Frequently Asked Questions

A security vulnerability is a weakness in software, hardware, or configuration that can be exploited to compromise confidentiality, integrity, or availability. Many vulnerabilities are tracked as CVEs (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures), which provide a standardized identifier so teams can coordinate patching, mitigation, and risk assessment across tools and vendors.

CVSS (Common Vulnerability Scoring System) estimates technical severity, but it doesn't automatically equal business risk. Prioritize using context like internet exposure, affected asset criticality, known exploitation (proof-of-concept or in-the-wild), and whether compensating controls exist. A "Medium" CVSS on an exposed, production system can be more urgent than a "Critical" on an isolated, non-production host.

A vulnerability is the underlying weakness. An exploit is the method or code used to take advantage of it. A zero-day is a vulnerability that is unknown to the vendor or has no publicly available fix when attackers begin using it. In practice, risk increases sharply when exploitation becomes reliable or widespread.

Recurring findings usually come from incomplete Asset Discovery, inconsistent patch management, inherited images, and configuration drift. In modern environments, you also need to watch the software supply chain: dependencies, containers, build pipelines, and third-party services can reintroduce the same weakness even after you patch a single host. Unknown or unmanaged assets (often called Shadow IT) are a common reason the same issues resurface.

Use a simple, repeatable triage model: focus first on externally exposed assets, high-value systems (identity, VPN, email, production), vulnerabilities with known exploits, and issues that enable remote code execution or privilege escalation. Then enforce patch SLAs and track progress using consistent metrics so remediation is steady, not reactive.

SynScan combines attack surface monitoring and continuous security auditing to keep your inventory current, flag high-impact vulnerabilities early, and help you turn raw findings into a practical remediation plan.