Vulnerability Database

328,411

Total vulnerabilities in the database

CVE-2025-9312

A missing authentication enforcement vulnerability exists in the mutual TLS (mTLS) implementation used by System REST APIs and SOAP services in multiple WSO2 products. Due to improper validation of client certificate–based authentication in certain default configurations, the affected components may permit unauthenticated requests even when mTLS is enabled. This condition occurs when relying on the default mTLS settings for System REST APIs or when the mTLS authenticator is enabled for SOAP services, causing these interfaces to accept requests without enforcing additional authentication.

Successful exploitation allows a malicious actor with network access to the affected endpoints to gain administrative privileges and perform unauthorized operations. The vulnerability is exploitable only when the impacted mTLS flows are enabled and accessible in a given deployment. Other certificate-based authentication mechanisms such as Mutual TLS OAuth client authentication and X.509 login flows are not affected, and APIs served through the API Gateway of WSO2 API Manager remain unaffected.

  • Published: Nov 18, 2025
  • Updated: Nov 19, 2025
  • CVE: CVE-2025-9312
  • Severity: Critical
  • Exploit:

CVSS v3:

  • Severity: Critical
  • Score: 9.8
  • AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CWEs:

Software From Fixed in
wso2 / api_control_plane 4.5.0 4.5.0.x
wso2 / api_manager 2.2.0 2.2.0.x
wso2 / api_manager 2.5.0 2.5.0.x
wso2 / api_manager 2.6.0 2.6.0.x
wso2 / api_manager 3.0.0 3.0.0.x
wso2 / api_manager 3.1.0 3.1.0.x
wso2 / api_manager 3.2.0 3.2.0.x
wso2 / api_manager 3.2.1 3.2.1.x
wso2 / api_manager 4.0.0 4.0.0.x
wso2 / api_manager 4.1.0 4.1.0.x
wso2 / api_manager 4.2.0 4.2.0.x
wso2 / api_manager 4.3.0 4.3.0.x
wso2 / api_manager 4.4.0 4.4.0.x
wso2 / api_manager 4.5.0 4.5.0.x
wso2 / identity_server 5.2.0 5.2.0.x
wso2 / identity_server 5.3.0 5.3.0.x
wso2 / identity_server 5.4.0 5.4.0.x
wso2 / identity_server 5.4.1 5.4.1.x
wso2 / identity_server 5.5.0 5.5.0.x
wso2 / identity_server 5.6.0 5.6.0.x
wso2 / identity_server 5.7.0 5.7.0.x
wso2 / identity_server 5.8.0 5.8.0.x
wso2 / identity_server 5.9.0 5.9.0.x
wso2 / identity_server 5.10.0 5.10.0.x
wso2 / identity_server 5.11.0 5.11.0.x
wso2 / identity_server 6.0.0 6.0.0.x
wso2 / identity_server 6.1.0 6.1.0.x
wso2 / identity_server 7.0.0 7.0.0.x
wso2 / identity_server 7.1.0 7.1.0.x
wso2 / identity_server 7.2.0 7.2.0.x
wso2 / identity_server_as_key_manager 5.3.0 5.3.0.x
wso2 / identity_server_as_key_manager 5.5.0 5.5.0.x
wso2 / identity_server_as_key_manager 5.6.0 5.6.0.x
wso2 / identity_server_as_key_manager 5.7.0 5.7.0.x
wso2 / identity_server_as_key_manager 5.9.0 5.9.0.x
wso2 / identity_server_as_key_manager 5.10.0 5.10.0.x
wso2 / open_banking_am 1.4.0 1.4.0.x
wso2 / open_banking_am 1.5.0 1.5.0.x
wso2 / open_banking_am 2.0.0 2.0.0.x
wso2 / open_banking_iam 2.0.0 2.0.0.x
wso2 / open_banking_km 1.4.0 1.4.0.x
wso2 / open_banking_km 1.5.0 1.5.0.x
wso2 / traffic_manager 4.5.0 4.5.0.x
wso2 / universal_gateway 4.5.0 4.5.0.x

Frequently Asked Questions

A security vulnerability is a weakness in software, hardware, or configuration that can be exploited to compromise confidentiality, integrity, or availability. Many vulnerabilities are tracked as CVEs (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures), which provide a standardized identifier so teams can coordinate patching, mitigation, and risk assessment across tools and vendors.

CVSS (Common Vulnerability Scoring System) estimates technical severity, but it doesn't automatically equal business risk. Prioritize using context like internet exposure, affected asset criticality, known exploitation (proof-of-concept or in-the-wild), and whether compensating controls exist. A "Medium" CVSS on an exposed, production system can be more urgent than a "Critical" on an isolated, non-production host.

A vulnerability is the underlying weakness. An exploit is the method or code used to take advantage of it. A zero-day is a vulnerability that is unknown to the vendor or has no publicly available fix when attackers begin using it. In practice, risk increases sharply when exploitation becomes reliable or widespread.

Recurring findings usually come from incomplete Asset Discovery, inconsistent patch management, inherited images, and configuration drift. In modern environments, you also need to watch the software supply chain: dependencies, containers, build pipelines, and third-party services can reintroduce the same weakness even after you patch a single host. Unknown or unmanaged assets (often called Shadow IT) are a common reason the same issues resurface.

Use a simple, repeatable triage model: focus first on externally exposed assets, high-value systems (identity, VPN, email, production), vulnerabilities with known exploits, and issues that enable remote code execution or privilege escalation. Then enforce patch SLAs and track progress using consistent metrics so remediation is steady, not reactive.

SynScan combines attack surface monitoring and continuous security auditing to keep your inventory current, flag high-impact vulnerabilities early, and help you turn raw findings into a practical remediation plan.