Vulnerability Database

374,560

Total vulnerabilities in the database

CVE-2026-31402 — linux / linux_kernel

Out-of-bounds Write

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

nfsd: fix heap overflow in NFSv4.0 LOCK replay cache

The NFSv4.0 replay cache uses a fixed 112-byte inline buffer (rp_ibuf[NFSD4_REPLAY_ISIZE]) to store encoded operation responses. This size was calculated based on OPEN responses and does not account for LOCK denied responses, which include the conflicting lock owner as a variable-length field up to 1024 bytes (NFS4_OPAQUE_LIMIT).

When a LOCK operation is denied due to a conflict with an existing lock that has a large owner, nfsd4_encode_operation() copies the full encoded response into the undersized replay buffer via read_bytes_from_xdr_buf() with no bounds check. This results in a slab-out-of-bounds write of up to 944 bytes past the end of the buffer, corrupting adjacent heap memory.

This can be triggered remotely by an unauthenticated attacker with two cooperating NFSv4.0 clients: one sets a lock with a large owner string, then the other requests a conflicting lock to provoke the denial.

We could fix this by increasing NFSD4_REPLAY_ISIZE to allow for a full opaque, but that would increase the size of every stateowner, when most lockowners are not that large.

Instead, fix this by checking the encoded response length against NFSD4_REPLAY_ISIZE before copying into the replay buffer. If the response is too large, set rp_buflen to 0 to skip caching the replay payload. The status is still cached, and the client already received the correct response on the original request.

  • Published: Apr 3, 2026
  • Updated: Apr 28, 2026
  • CVE: CVE-2026-31402
  • Severity: Critical
  • Exploit:
  • CISA KEV:

CVSS v3:

  • Severity: Critical
  • Score: 9.8
  • AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CWEs:

Software From Fixed in
linux / linux_kernel 2.6.12.1 5.10.253
linux / linux_kernel 5.11 6.1.167
linux / linux_kernel 6.2 6.6.130
linux / linux_kernel 6.7 6.12.78
linux / linux_kernel 6.13 6.18.20
linux / linux_kernel 6.19 6.19.10
linux / linux_kernel 2.6.12 2.6.12.x
linux / linux_kernel 2.6.12-rc2 2.6.12-rc2.x
linux / linux_kernel 2.6.12-rc3 2.6.12-rc3.x
linux / linux_kernel 2.6.12-rc4 2.6.12-rc4.x
linux / linux_kernel 2.6.12-rc5 2.6.12-rc5.x
linux / linux_kernel 7.0-rc1 7.0-rc1.x
linux / linux_kernel 7.0-rc2 7.0-rc2.x
linux / linux_kernel 7.0-rc3 7.0-rc3.x
linux / linux_kernel 7.0-rc4 7.0-rc4.x

Frequently Asked Questions

A security vulnerability is a weakness in software, hardware, or configuration that can be exploited to compromise confidentiality, integrity, or availability. Many vulnerabilities are tracked as CVEs (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures), which provide a standardized identifier so teams can coordinate patching, mitigation, and risk assessment across tools and vendors.

CVSS (Common Vulnerability Scoring System) estimates technical severity, but it doesn't automatically equal business risk. Prioritize using context like internet exposure, affected asset criticality, known exploitation (proof-of-concept or in-the-wild), and whether compensating controls exist. A "Medium" CVSS on an exposed, production system can be more urgent than a "Critical" on an isolated, non-production host.

A vulnerability is the underlying weakness. An exploit is the method or code used to take advantage of it. A zero-day is a vulnerability that is unknown to the vendor or has no publicly available fix when attackers begin using it. In practice, risk increases sharply when exploitation becomes reliable or widespread.

Recurring findings usually come from incomplete Asset Discovery, inconsistent patch management, inherited images, and configuration drift. In modern environments, you also need to watch the software supply chain: dependencies, containers, build pipelines, and third-party services can reintroduce the same weakness even after you patch a single host. Unknown or unmanaged assets (often called Shadow IT) are a common reason the same issues resurface.

Use a simple, repeatable triage model: focus first on externally exposed assets, high-value systems (identity, VPN, email, production), vulnerabilities with known exploits, and issues that enable remote code execution or privilege escalation. Then enforce patch SLAs and track progress using consistent metrics so remediation is steady, not reactive.

SynScan combines attack surface monitoring and continuous security auditing to keep your inventory current, flag high-impact vulnerabilities early, and help you turn raw findings into a practical remediation plan.