Update bundled libxml2 to v2.10.3 to resolve multiple CVEs

Summary

Nokogiri v1.13.9 upgrades the packaged version of its dependency libxml2 to v2.10.3 from v2.9.14.

libxml2 v2.10.3 addresses the following known vulnerabilities:

Please note that this advisory only applies to the CRuby implementation of Nokogiri < 1.13.9, and only if the packaged libraries are being used. If you've overridden defaults at installation time to use system libraries instead of packaged libraries, you should instead pay attention to your distro's libxml2 release announcements.

Mitigation

Upgrade to Nokogiri >= 1.13.9.

Users who are unable to upgrade Nokogiri may also choose a more complicated mitigation: compile and link Nokogiri against external libraries libxml2 >= 2.10.3 which will also address these same issues.

Impact

libxml2 CVE-2022-2309

CVSS3 score: Under evaluation
Type: Denial of service
Description: NULL Pointer Dereference allows attackers to cause a denial of service (or application crash). This only applies when lxml is used together with libxml2 2.9.10 through 2.9.14. libxml2 2.9.9 and earlier are not affected. It allows triggering crashes through forged input data, given a vulnerable code sequence in the application. The vulnerability is caused by the iterwalk function (also used by the canonicalize function). Such code shouldn't be in wide-spread use, given that parsing + iterwalk would usually be replaced with the more efficient iterparse function. However, an XML converter that serialises to C14N would also be vulnerable, for example, and there are legitimate use cases for this code sequence. If untrusted input is received (also remotely) and processed via iterwalk function, a crash can be triggered.

Nokogiri maintainers investigated at #2620 and determined this CVE does not affect Nokogiri users.

libxml2 CVE-2022-40304

CVSS3 score: Unspecified upstream
Type: Data corruption, denial of service
Description: When an entity reference cycle is detected, the entity content is cleared by setting its first byte to zero. But the entity content might be allocated from a dict. In this case, the dict entry becomes corrupted leading to all kinds of logic errors, including memory errors like double-frees.

See https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxml2/-/commit/644a89e080bced793295f61f18aac8cfad6bece2