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CVSS estimates technical severity, but it does not automatically equal business risk. Prioritize using context like internet exposure, asset criticality, known exploitation, and whether compensating controls exist. A Medium CVSS on an exposed production system can be more urgent than a Critical on an isolated non-production host.

Vulnerability Database

Q: What is a Vulnerability (CVE) and why does it matter?

A security vulnerability is a weakness in software, hardware, or configuration that can be exploited to compromise confidentiality, integrity, or availability. Many vulnerabilities are tracked as CVEs (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures), which provide a standardized identifier so teams can coordinate patching, mitigation, and risk assessment across tools and vendors.

Q: What's the difference between a vulnerability, an exploit, and a zero-day?

A vulnerability is the underlying weakness. An exploit is the method or code used to take advantage of it. A zero-day is a vulnerability that is unknown to the vendor or has no publicly available fix when attackers begin using it. Risk increases sharply when exploitation becomes reliable or widespread.

Q: Why do vulnerabilities keep reappearing in our environment?

Recurring findings usually come from incomplete asset discovery, inconsistent patch management, inherited images, and configuration drift. In modern environments, you also need to watch the software supply chain: dependencies, containers, build pipelines, and third-party services can reintroduce the same weakness even after you patch a single host.

Q: How do we prioritize remediation without burning out the team?

Use a repeatable triage model: focus first on externally exposed assets, high-value systems (identity, VPN, email, production), vulnerabilities with known exploits, and issues that enable remote code execution or privilege escalation. Then enforce patch SLAs and track progress so remediation is steady, not reactive.

Q: How can SynScan help reduce vulnerability risk over time?

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352,262

Total vulnerabilities in the database

WWBN AVideo has an Incomplete fix: Directory traversal bypass via query string in ReceiveImage downloadURL parameters — wwbn / avideo

Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

Summary

The directory traversal fix introduced in commit 2375eb5e0 for objects/aVideoEncoderReceiveImage.json.php only checks the URL path component (via parse_url($url, PHP_URL_PATH)) for .. sequences. However, the downstream function try_get_contents_from_local() in objects/functionsFile.php uses explode('/videos/', $url) on the full URL string including the query string. An attacker can place the /videos/../../ traversal payload in the query string to bypass the security check and read arbitrary files from the server filesystem.

Details

The security fix at commit 2375eb5e0 added a traversal check at objects/aVideoEncoderReceiveImage.json.php:49:

$decodedPath = urldecode((string)(parse_url($_REQUEST[$value], PHP_URL_PATH) ?? &#039;&#039;));
if (strpos($decodedPath, &#039;..&#039;) !== false) {
    unset($_REQUEST[$value]);
}

This only inspects the path component of the URL. For a URL like http://TARGET/x?a=/videos/../../etc/passwd, parse_url() returns /x as the path — no .. is found.

The URL then passes through isValidURL() (objects/functions.php:4203) which accepts it because FILTER_VALIDATE_URL considers .. in query strings valid per RFC 3986.

It also passes isSSRFSafeURL() (objects/functions.php:4264) because the host matches webSiteRootURL, causing an early return at line 4294.

The URL reaches url_get_contents() (objects/functions.php:1938) which calls try_get_contents_from_local() (objects/functionsFile.php:214):

function try_get_contents_from_local($url)
{
    // ...
    $parts = explode(&#039;/videos/&#039;, $url);
    if (!empty($parts[1])) {
        // ...
        $tryFile = &quot;{$global[&#039;systemRootPath&#039;]}{$encoder}videos/{$parts[1]}&quot;;
        if (file_exists($tryFile)) {
            return file_get_contents($tryFile);
        }
    }
    return false;
}

explode('/videos/', $url) operates on the entire URL string including the query string. For the malicious URL, $parts[1] becomes ../../../../../../etc/passwd, constructing a path like /var/www/html/AVideo/Encoder/videos/../../../../../../etc/passwd which PHP's filesystem functions resolve to /etc/passwd.

The file content is returned to the caller and written to the video's thumbnail path via _file_put_contents(). All four downloadURL_* parameters (downloadURL_image, downloadURL_gifimage, downloadURL_webpimage, downloadURL_spectrumimage) are affected.

PoC

Prerequisites: An authenticated AVideo user account with upload permission and an existing video they own (with known videos_id).

Identify the AVideo instance's domain (e.g., https://avideo.example.com).
Send a POST request to the ReceiveImage endpoint with the traversal payload in the query string:

curl -s -b &quot;PHPSESSID=&lt;session_cookie&gt;&quot; \
  &quot;https://avideo.example.com/objects/aVideoEncoderReceiveImage.json.php&quot; \
  -d &quot;videos_id=&lt;YOUR_VIDEO_ID&gt;&quot; \
  -d &quot;downloadURL_image=http://avideo.example.com/x?a=/videos/../../../../../../etc/passwd&quot;

The response will include jpgDestSize indicating the file was read and written (confirming file existence and revealing file size).
For files that pass image validation (e.g., other users' uploaded images at known paths), the content persists at the video's thumbnail URL and can be retrieved:

curl -s &quot;https://avideo.example.com/videos/&lt;videoFileName&gt;.jpg&quot;

Non-image files (e.g., /etc/passwd, configuration files) are written but then deleted by deleteInvalidImage(). However, file existence and size are still leaked, and a race condition exists between the write and the deletion.

Impact

Arbitrary file read: An authenticated user with upload permission can read any file on the server filesystem that the web server process has access to. Files that pass image validation (PNG/JPEG/GIF) are fully exfiltrable via the video thumbnail URL.
Information disclosure: For non-image files, file existence and size are leaked through the jpgDestSize response field.
Configuration exposure: Server configuration files, database credentials (videos/configuration.php), and other sensitive data can be targeted. While PHP files would be deleted by deleteInvalidImage, there is a race window between write and deletion.
Bypass of security fix: This directly bypasses the path traversal mitigation added in commit 2375eb5e0.

Recommended Fix

The .. check in aVideoEncoderReceiveImage.json.php should inspect the full URL (after URL-decoding), not just the path component. Additionally, try_get_contents_from_local() should validate its derived path.

Fix 1 — Check the full URL in ReceiveImage (objects/aVideoEncoderReceiveImage.json.php:49):

// Replace:
$decodedPath = urldecode((string)(parse_url($_REQUEST[$value], PHP_URL_PATH) ?? &#039;&#039;));
if (strpos($decodedPath, &#039;..&#039;) !== false) {

// With:
$decodedFull = urldecode((string)$_REQUEST[$value]);
if (strpos($decodedFull, &#039;..&#039;) !== false) {

Fix 2 — Add path validation in try_get_contents_from_local (objects/functionsFile.php:229):

$tryFile = &quot;{$global[&#039;systemRootPath&#039;]}{$encoder}videos/{$parts[1]}&quot;;
// Add traversal check:
$realTryFile = realpath($tryFile);
$videosDir = realpath(&quot;{$global[&#039;systemRootPath&#039;]}{$encoder}videos/&quot;);
if ($realTryFile === false || !str_starts_with($realTryFile, $videosDir)) {
    return false;
}
if (file_exists($tryFile)) {
    return file_get_contents($tryFile);
}

Published: Apr 14, 2026
Updated: Apr 15, 2026
GHSA: GHSA-m63r-m9jh-3vc6
Severity: Medium
Exploit:
CISA KEV:

CVSS v3:

Severity: Unknown
Score:
AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

CWEs:

CWE-22

OWASP TOP 10:

A5 - Broken Access Control

Affected Software
References

Software	From	Fixed in
wwbn / avideo	-	29.0.x

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is a Vulnerability (CVE) and why does it matter?

A security vulnerability is a weakness in software, hardware, or configuration that can be exploited to compromise confidentiality, integrity, or availability. Many vulnerabilities are tracked as CVEs (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures), which provide a standardized identifier so teams can coordinate patching, mitigation, and risk assessment across tools and vendors.

CVSS (Common Vulnerability Scoring System) estimates technical severity, but it doesn't automatically equal business risk. Prioritize using context like internet exposure, affected asset criticality, known exploitation (proof-of-concept or in-the-wild), and whether compensating controls exist. A "Medium" CVSS on an exposed, production system can be more urgent than a "Critical" on an isolated, non-production host.

A vulnerability is the underlying weakness. An exploit is the method or code used to take advantage of it. A zero-day is a vulnerability that is unknown to the vendor or has no publicly available fix when attackers begin using it. In practice, risk increases sharply when exploitation becomes reliable or widespread.

Recurring findings usually come from incomplete Asset Discovery, inconsistent patch management, inherited images, and configuration drift. In modern environments, you also need to watch the software supply chain: dependencies, containers, build pipelines, and third-party services can reintroduce the same weakness even after you patch a single host. Unknown or unmanaged assets (often called Shadow IT) are a common reason the same issues resurface.

Use a simple, repeatable triage model: focus first on externally exposed assets, high-value systems (identity, VPN, email, production), vulnerabilities with known exploits, and issues that enable remote code execution or privilege escalation. Then enforce patch SLAs and track progress using consistent metrics so remediation is steady, not reactive.

SynScan combines attack surface monitoring and continuous security auditing to keep your inventory current, flag high-impact vulnerabilities early, and help you turn raw findings into a practical remediation plan.